Fast neutrino flavor conversions in a supernova: Emergence, evolution, and effects
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Fast flavor conversions (FFCs) of neutrinos, which can occur in core-collapse
supernovae (CCSNe), are multiangle effects. They depend on the angular
distribution of the neutrino's electron lepton number (ELN). In this work, we
present a comprehensive study of the FFCs by solving the multienergy and
multiangle quantum kinetic equations with an extended set of collisional weak
processes based on a static and spherically symmetric CCSN matter background
profile. We investigate the emergence and evolution of FFCs in models featuring
different ELN angular distributions, considering scenarios with two and three
neutrino flavors. The spectrogram method is utilized to illustrate the
small-scale spatial structure, and we show that this structure of neutrino
flavor coherence and number densities in the nonlinear regime is qualitatively
consistent with the dispersion relation analysis. On the coarse-grained level,
we find that different asymptotic states can be achieved following the FFCs
depending on the locations and shapes of the ELN distributions, despite sharing
a common feature of the elimination of the ELN angular crossing. While
equilibration among different neutrino flavors may be achieved immediately
after the prompt FFCs, it is not a general outcome of the asymptotic state, as
subsequent feedback effects from collisional neutrino-matter interactions come
into play, particularly for cases where FFCs occur inside the neutrinosphere.
The impacts of FFCs and the feedback effect on the net neutrino heating rates,
the equilibrium electron fraction of CCSN matter, and the free-streaming
neutrino energy spectra are quantitatively assessed. Other aspects including
the impact of the vacuum term and the coexistence with other type of flavor
instabilities are also discussed.
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