Functionally-Complete Boolean Logic in Real DRAM Chips: Experimental Characterization and Analysis
2024 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)(2024)
摘要
Processing-using-DRAM (PuD) is an emerging paradigm that leverages the analog
operational properties of DRAM circuitry to enable massively parallel in-DRAM
computation. PuD has the potential to significantly reduce or eliminate costly
data movement between processing elements and main memory. Prior works
experimentally demonstrate three-input MAJ (i.e., MAJ3) and two-input AND and
OR operations in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DRAM chips. Yet,
demonstrations on COTS DRAM chips do not provide a functionally complete set of
operations (e.g., NAND or AND and NOT).
We experimentally demonstrate that COTS DRAM chips are capable of performing
1) functionally-complete Boolean operations: NOT, NAND, and NOR and 2)
many-input (i.e., more than two-input) AND and OR operations. We present an
extensive characterization of new bulk bitwise operations in 256 off-the-shelf
modern DDR4 DRAM chips. We evaluate the reliability of these operations using a
metric called success rate: the fraction of correctly performed bitwise
operations. Among our 19 new observations, we highlight four major results.
First, we can perform the NOT operation on COTS DRAM chips with a 98.37
success rate on average. Second, we can perform up to 16-input NAND, NOR, AND,
and OR operations on COTS DRAM chips with high reliability (e.g., 16-input
NAND, NOR, AND, and OR with an average success rate of 94.94
and 95.85
operations. Our results show that executing NAND, NOR, AND, and OR operations
with random data patterns decreases the success rate compared to all
logic-1/logic-0 patterns by 1.39
Fourth, bitwise operations are highly resilient to temperature changes, with
small success rate fluctuations of at most 1.66
operations when the temperature is increased from 50C to 95C.
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关键词
DRAM,Processing-using-DRAM,Processing-using-Memory,Real Chip Characterization
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