An Electromagnetic Modulator Based on Compactly Metal-Graphene Hybrid Metamaterial

In this article, an electromagnetic modulator, consisting of a graphene closed rectangle resonator (CRS) connected with two perpendicular graphene wires and two semicircular split ring resonators (SSRRs), is proposed. The modulation of transparent window at specific frequency can be achieved. Compared with other modulators, the proposed electromagnetic modulator shows the modulation depth of 59.9% and the modulation ability of the unit Fermi level is up to 149.7%. Moreover, two-particle model reveals the physical mechanism of the active modulation of the EIT effect and the calculated transmission spectra are in good agreement with the simulated transmission spectra. In addition, the maximum values of group delay and delay bandwidth product (DBP) are 2.20 ps and 0.48 respectively, which are larger than the maximum values of other works. Therefore, our work exhibits outstanding modulation of EIT effect and slow light effect, and shows great potential in electromagnetic modulators and slow light devices.