A Bandwidth-Conscious Event-Based Control Approach to Secondary Frequency Regulation Under Vehicle-to-Grid Service

This paper addresses the problem of communication resource-efficient secondary frequency regulation of power grids under vehicle-to-grid supplementary service. First, an event-based frequency regulation framework is established for power grids incorporated with electric vehicle (EV) participation, enabling system performance analysis and control design under event-based communication. The framework also takes into account the EV aggregator dynamics with battery charging/discharging processes under practical travel demands. Second, a novel resource-efficient event-based broadcast mechanism (REBM) is developed for intelligent transmissions of command signals from the dispatch center to the power plant and distributed EV aggregators. By deciding the broadcast actions with the particular consideration of the real-time bandwidth occupancy, the designed REBM is capable to flexibly adapt the command transmission rate to variable network status. Then, a co-design approach to the desired REBM and frequency controller is derived, based on which an implementation algorithm is provided for achieving satisfying secondary frequency regulation performance with enhanced communication efficiency. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed approach is verified through comparative case studies.