Mitochondrial derived vesicles- Quo Vadis?

Mitochondria are dynamic, intracellular organelles with a separate genome originating from prokaryotes. They perform numerous functions essential for cellular metabolism and energy production. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are single or double membrane-enclosed vesicles, formed and released from the mitochondrial sub-compartments into the cytosol, in response to various triggers. MDVs interact with other organelles such as lysosomes and peroxisomes or may be incorporated and excreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs). MDVs selectively incorporate diverse protein and lipid cargoes and are involved in various functions such as mitochondrial quality control, immunomodulation, energy complementation, and compartmentalization and transport. This review aims to provide a summary of the current knowledge of MDVs biogenesis, release, cargoes, and roles. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are single or double membrane-enclosed vesicles, formed and released from mitochondrial sub-compartments in response to various triggers. MDVs interact with other organelles or may be incorporated and excreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs). MDVs selectively incorporate diverse cargoes and are involved in various functions including mitochondrial quality control, immunomodulation, energy complementation, compartmentalization, and transport. This review summarizes the current knowledge of MDVs formation, cargoes, and roles. image