Applications of single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics technologies in gastric cancer (Review)

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prominent contributor to global cancer-related mortalities, and a deeper understanding of its molecular characteristics and tumor heterogeneity is required. Single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies have revolutionized cancer research by enabling the exploration of cellular heterogeneity and molecular landscapes at the single-cell level. In the present review, an overview of the advancements in single-cell omics and ST technologies and their applications in GC research is provided. Firstly, multiple single-cell omics and ST methods are discussed, highlighting their ability to offer unique insights into gene expression, genetic alterations, epigenomic modifications, protein expression patterns and cellular location in tissues. Furthermore, a summary is provided of key findings from previous research on single-cell omics and ST methods used in GC, which have provided valuable insights into genetic alterations, tumor diagnosis and prognosis, tumor microenvironment analysis, and treatment response. In summary, the application of single-cell omics and ST technologies has revealed the levels of cellular heterogeneity and the molecular characteristics of GC, and holds promise for improving diagnostics, personalized treatments and patient outcomes in GC.