Modern Insights into Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity

Recent identification of new human muscle glycogen phosphorylation sites has renewed interest in understanding human variations in the regulation of glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis. This paper presents a detailed method for the measurement of glycogen phosphorylase (GPh) activity in skeletal muscle. Our approach incorporates modifications to existing radiolabelling assays, optimizing specificity and sensitivity while enabling the assessment of both active and total enzyme activity levels. The utilization of radioisotope tracers and scintillation counting ensures accurate quantification of GPh activity, which we use to validate a previously published reduction in GPh activity in an Actn3 deficient mouse model. Moreover, we introduce a step-by-step guide for data acquisition, highlight the use of appropriate homogenization, discuss the need for allosteric activators/inhibitors and the importance of assay optimization to record a GPh activity assay for skeletal muscle. In conclusion, our refined method not only contributes to a deeper understanding of glycogen metabolism in muscle tissue but also provides a framework for future investigations, underscoring its role in advancing research on glycogen utilization and glucose homeostasis. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.