M7G-related tumor immunity: novel insights of RNA modification and potential therapeutic targets

RNA modifications play a pivotal role in regulating cellular biology by exerting influence over distribution features and molecular functions at the post-transcriptional level. Among these modifications, N7-methylguanosine (m7G) stands out as one of the most prevalent. Over recent years, significant attention has been directed towards understanding the implications of m7G modification. This modification is present in diverse RNA molecules, including transfer RNAs, messenger RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and other noncoding RNAs. Its regulation occurs through a series of specific methyltransferases and m7G-binding proteins. Notably, m7G modification has been implicated in various diseases, prominently across multiple cancer types. Earlier studies have elucidated the significance of m7G modification in the context of immune biology regulation within the tumor microenvironment. This comprehensive review culminates in a synthesis of findings related to the modulation of immune cells infiltration, encompassing T cells, B cells, and various innate immune cells, all orchestrated by m7G modification. Furthermore, the interplay between m7G modification and its regulatory proteins can profoundly affect the efficacy of diverse adjuvant therapeutics, thereby potentially serving as a pivotal biomarker and therapeutic target for combinatory interventions in diverse cancer types.