Immune profiles to predict bortezomib-based treatment response for multiple myeloma patients

Background: To evaluate the distribution of bone marrow immune cell subsets and their correlation with treatment efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: We analyzed the bone marrow lymphocyte subsets of 186 newly diagnosed MM patients at diagnosis and their correlation with clinical characteristics. In our study, eight -color flow cytometry, a method commonly used to detect plasma cell phenotypes, was used to analyze seven bone marrow immune cell groups by change gate -strategy. Results: First, for all the 7 immune cell groups, the percentage of immature B cells was significantly lower in stage III patients than in stage I patients, while the trend was reversed in memory B cells in both the International Staging System(p = 0.004) and Revised International Staging System(p = 0.018). Second, the percentage of naive B cells were significantly lower in patients with severe anemia, while the percentage of memory B cells had reversed trend. The percentage of immature B cells were lower in patients with Cr >= 2 mg/dL than in patients with Cr < 2 mg/dL. Then we followed the treatment efficacy of 152 patients who received four cycles of induction therapy (bortezomib + dexamethasone or bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) and analyzed the relationship between bone marrow lymphocyte subsets at the initial stage and treatment response datasets. We found that both the percentage of B cells(p<0.001) and immature B(p = 0.002) were increased in patients who achieved very good partial remission(VGPR) after four cycles of induction therapy. The ROC results indicated the combination of the multiple immune subgroups had predictive values (AUC = 0.802, p<0.001) in the treatment effect after four cycles of induction therapy. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that the analysis of lymphocyte subsets along with plasma cell immunophenotyping could be a potential index for determining the prognosis of MM patients.