A review on the nanotechnology-based approaches for managing sexually transmitted infections

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health concern, accounting for millions of new infections each year and a high mortality rate. Acute diseases and infertility are also associated with STIs that pose a substantial economic burden. Antimicrobial drug resistance, suboptimal drug concentrations at the infection site, and potential adverse effects are some of the limitations of conventional therapies for STIs. Nanotechnology-based approaches offer promising alternatives to treat and prevent STIs. Several nanoplatforms such as lipid, polymer, lipid-polymer hybrid, and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional therapy and enhance the efficacy and selectivity of drugs toward STIs. Area covered With an aim to consolidate emerging nanotechnology-based efforts in combating STIs, this review highlights the merits and applications of NPs for the treatment of common bacterial, viral, and parasitic STIs. In addition, NPs-based approaches such as nanovaccines and topical nanomicrobicides to prevent STIs were also reviewed. Expert opinion The data presented in this review demonstrate the exceptional promise of NPs for STI therapy and prevention. These nanotechnology-based approaches may help reduce global health burdens in future clinical outlook by producing socially acceptable and clinically useful products for STIs.