Relativistic Perturbation Theory for Black-Hole Boson Clouds
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS(2024)
摘要
We develop a relativistic perturbation theory for scalar clouds around rotating black holes. We first introduce a relativistic product and corresponding orthogonality relation between modes, extending a recent result for gravitational perturbations. We then derive the analog of time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics, and apply it to calculate self-gravitational frequency shifts. This approach supersedes the nonrelativistic "gravitational atom" approximation, brings close agreement with numerical relativity, and has practical applications for gravitational-wave astronomy.
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