SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron variant in Shaanxi Province, China: December 2022 to February 2023

Background Prior to December 2022, there were no reports of reinfection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Shaanxi province, China. Since then, China has refined its strategy in response to coronaviruses. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and its contributing factors, as well as to compare clinical characteristics between first and second episodes of infection in Shaanxi Province, China between December 2022 and February 2023. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using an epidemiological survey system and electronic questionnaires to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among previously infected individuals during the epidemic wave owing to the Omicron variant that began in December 2022. A logistic regression model was used to determine those factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Results According to the virus variant that caused the first infection, the rate of reinfection for the Omicron variants was 1.28%, 1.96%, and 5.92% at 2–3 months, 4–5 months, and 7–9 months after the primary infection, respectively. The rate of reinfection for the Delta variants was 25.10% 11–12 months after the primary infection. Females, adults between 18 and 38 years and being a medical worker were associated with an increased risk of reinfection. Fever, cough, sore throat and fatigue were the four most common clinical symptoms during both first and second COVID-19 infections. Conclusions In our study, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection increased over time during epidemic waves predominantly involving the Omicron variant in Shaanxi province, China. Large-scale infections are less likely in subsequent Omicron epidemic waves. Nevertheless, it is essential to continuously monitor cases of infection as well as continue surveillance for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.