Combining plasmonic and electrochemical biosensing methods

The idea of combining electrochemical (EC) and plasmonic biosensor methods was introduced almost thirty years ago and the potential of electrochemical-plasmonic (EC -P) biosensors has been highlighted ever since. Despite that, the use of EC -P biosensors in analytics has been rather limited so far and the search for unique applications of the EC -P method continues. In this paper, we review the advances in the field of EC -P biosensors and discuss the features and benefits they can provide. In addition, we identify the main challenges for the development of EC -P biosensors and the limitations that prevent EC -P biosensors from more widespread use. Finally, we review applications of EC -P biosensors for the investigation and quantification of biomolecules, and for the study of biomolecular and cellular processes.