Small mammal associations with habitat composition, configuration, and management in tallgrass prairies: a review

Tallgrass prairie is among the most threatened ecosystems but is often fragmented and surrounded by human-modified landscapes. Small mammals are integral components of tallgrass prairies. However, little is known about how landscape composition, configuration, and management impact small mammals in tallgrass prairies.We conducted a systematic literature review to identify species-specific and community associations with three broad topics: landscape composition, landscape configuration, and management practices.We identified 61 studies that assessed our variables of interest. We categorised the location, species assessed, variables monitored, and results by species and for the community.The majority of studies (64%) were conducted in two states, Illinois and Kansas. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) showed specific associations with landscape variables, with deer mice preferring bare ground and recently burned plots, and prairie voles preferring thatch and negatively associated with prescribed fire. White-footed mice were frequently associated with wooded areas.Small mammal biodiversity was positively associated with patchy habitats containing greater diversity in vegetative composition and management regime. Management and land composition were both relatively well studied for several species; habitat configuration was understudied.We identified significant gaps in our understanding of small mammal landscape ecology in tallgrass prairies. With tallgrass prairie restoration a growing trend in this region, a greater understanding of drivers of small mammal populations will be crucial to successful restoration efforts. Future research should focus on understudied areas and species, and examine how habitat heterogeneity impacts small mammal biodiversity. A systematic review of the literature regarding small mammal habitat associations in tallgrass prairie identified both trends and gaps in our understanding. While well-studied species such as deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) have well-documented associations with cover type and management conditions, there are many understudied or cryptic species that are less well understood. Furthermore, much of the current literature on this topic originates from the same few research locations, with several states underrepresented or unrepresented in the literature at all.image