A Noval and Efficient Three-Party Identity Authentication and Key Negotiation Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography in VANETs

In the process of vehicles transitioning from conventional means of transportation to mobile computing platforms, ensuring secure communication and data exchange is of paramount importance. Consequently, identity authentication has emerged as a crucial security measure. Specifically, effective authentication is required prior to the communication between the On-Board Unit (OBU) and Roadside Unit (RSU). To address vehicle identity authentication challenges in the Internet of Vehicles (VANETs), this paper proposes a three-party identity authentication and key agreement protocol based on elliptic curve public key cryptography. Considering issues such as vehicle impersonation attacks, RSU impersonation attacks, and vehicle privacy breaches in existing schemes within wireless mobile environments, this protocol introduces a trusted registry center that successfully enables mutual authentication between OBU and RSU. The proposed protocol not only enhances the VANETs system's ability to withstand security threats but also improves the credibility and efficiency of the authentication process.