Electrode-free flexible batteries enabled by electro-deposition of both Zn and MnO₂ from electrolytes

We propose an electrode-free zinc manganese battery, where both zinc and MnO2 are electro-deposited from the electrolyte via a charging process onto carbon current collectors. The electrode-free batteries show an improved cycling performance of thin-film batteries than the ones with a zinc anode and a facilitated fabrication process for fiber batteries.