An Improved Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Cluster Head Election and Grey Prediction

In traditional Wireless Sensor Network routing protocols, data collected through timed interval sensing tends to have high temporal redundancy, which leads to unnecessary energy drain. To alleviate this problem and enable sensor networks to save energy to some extent, a practical solution is to utilize prediction-based data fusion methods. To this end, this paper first proposes a Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-Energy-Kopt-N algorithm, an optimization algorithm explicitly designed to address the cluster-head election phase of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol. Then, a data collection model using data prediction techniques - the Grey Data Prediction Model is formatted. Combining these improvements, a new data fusion algorithm that relies on data prediction, Grey-Clusters-Leach (GCL), is proposed. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the network energy drain of the GCL algorithm is reduced by 18%, 35%, 21.5% and 20%, and the network operation critical period life is extended by 3%, 35%, 22%, and 5% compared to the EQDC LEACH, LEACH-E, and SEP algorithms, respectively. GCL can effectively manage the size and number of clusters and reduce the number of packet transmissions by 20%.