Limb schwannoma: Factors for postoperative neurologic deficit and poor functional results

Introduction Neurologic complications after limb schwannoma resection are not unusual, but there is no consensus on risk factors for neurologic deficit or poor functional results. We therefore conducted a retrospective study, to screen for factors predicting, firstly, postoperative neurologic deficit and, secondly, poor functional results. Hypothesis Certain pre- and intraoperative features predict risk of failure, poor results or aggravation. Patients and methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted in the University Hospital of Lille, France, for the period January 2004 to March 2020, including 71 patients. Preoperative variables (gender, age, symptoms, progression, tumor location and size) and operative data (type of surgery) were collected as possible risk factors for postoperative sensory deficit (Weber) and/or motor deficit [Medical Research Council (MRC)] and poor functional result [Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH); Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and douleur neuropathique (neuropathic pain) 4 (DN4)]. Results Results were assessed a mean 69.4±38.5 months’ follow-up (range, 6–180 months). In total, 21 patients (29.6%) had deficits (21 sensory, 1 motor) preoperatively and 25 patients (35.2%) postoperatively (20 sensory, 9 motor) (p=0.689). Fourteen patients (19.7%) showed functional aggravation. Fascicular resection was associated with risk of postoperative deficit [OR = 4.65 (95% CI: 1.485–15.543); p=0.004] and functional deterioration [OR = 3.9 (95% CI: 1.143–13.311); p=0.042]. Thirteen patients (18.3%) showed no improvement on DN4. Preoperative pain was a factor for improvement on DN4 [OR = 3.667 (95% CI: 1.055–12.738); p=0.0409]. Discussion The study identified fascicular resection as a risk factor for postoperative deficit and functional deterioration after limb schwannoma resection. Patients with preoperative neuropathic pain showed alleviation. Resection should be precise, under magnification, avoiding fascicular resection. Preoperative patient information is essential. Level of evidence IV; retrospective series.