Optimization of ultrasound-assisted phytomolecules extraction from moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) using response surface methodology

The rising interest in bioactive phyto-compounds, known for their antioxidant, phenolic, and flavonoid properties, has focused attention on Moringa oleifera. With its abundant phyto-molecules, Moringa is a promising source for biomolecule extraction. As a significant vegetable crop, Moringa provides ample nutrients that can be efficiently extracted using novel methodologies. This study aims to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction from Moringa leaves, considering diverse parameter combinations for improved yield and quality. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, a notable advancement, considers parameters like amplitude, temperature, and extraction time. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 20 simulated runs, this investigation assessed extraction yield, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA). The optimized technique yielded an extraction yield of 12.78-23.28%, TPC of 100.12-149.22 mg GAE/g, TFC of 14.43-20.19 mg QE/g, and RSA of 58.87-85.08%. Increased amplitude power, higher extraction temperature, and shorter extraction time contributed to enhanced biomolecule extraction. GC-MS profiling identified various bioactive compounds in the Moringa leaf extracts, showcasing potential applications in nutraceutical industries. [GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT]