Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research

Autism can be considered both a personal and social identity. Identifying the factors contributing to positive Autistic identity development is crucial given the potential implications for mental health and wellbeing. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize quantitative literature on Autistic identity to identify the (individual and environmental) factors associated with Autistic identity, and to ascertain the relationship between Autistic identity and mental health and wellbeing. A total of 3,617 studies were screened and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Results indicated that people developed a more positive Autistic identity when receiving external autism acceptance and external support. The association between individual factors and Autistic identity were largely nonsignificant or inconclusive, highlighting the need for broad support that meets the needs of a range of Autistic people, rather than specific subgroups. Importantly, positive Autistic identity was associated with improved mental health and wellbeing. Peer support and/or self-directed support resources may be valuable mechanisms for supporting Autistic people to cultivate a positive Autistic identity. The evaluation of such support, including the long-term impacts on identity development, will be a critical avenue for future research. We reviewed existing research on Autistic identity and its links to mental health and wellbeing. We found that having a positive Autistic identity is important for mental health, and that having support and acceptance from others (e.g., family, friends) helps people to develop a positive Autistic identity. However, lots of Autistic people do not get this support. Peer support groups where Autistic people can speak to each other about their experiences might help them to develop a positive Autistic identity. Future research should see whether such groups improve Autistic identity.