Micro-Doppler-Coded Drone Identification
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The forthcoming era of massive drone delivery deployment in urban
environments raises a need to develop reliable control and monitoring systems.
While active solutions, i.e., wireless sharing of a real-time location between
air traffic participants and control units, are of use, developing additional
security layers is appealing. Among various surveillance systems, radars offer
distinct advantages by operating effectively in harsh weather conditions and
providing high-resolution reliable detection over extended ranges. However,
contrary to traditional airborne targets, small drones and copters pose a
significant problem for radar systems due to their relatively small radar
cross-sections. Here, we propose an efficient approach to label drones by
attaching passive resonant scatterers to their rotor blades. While blades
themselves generate micro-Doppler rotor-specific signatures, those are
typically hard to capture at large distances owing to small signal-to-noise
ratios in radar echoes. Furthermore, drones from the same vendor are
indistinguishable by their micro-Doppler signatures. Here we demonstrate that
equipping the blades with multiple resonant scatterers not only extends the
drone detection range but also assigns it a unique micro-Doppler encoded
identifier. By extrapolating the results of our laboratory and outdoor
experiments to real high-grade radar surveillance systems, we estimate that the
clear-sky identification range for a small drone is approximately 3-5
kilometers, whereas it would be barely detectable at 1000 meters if not
labeled. This performance places the proposed passive system on par with its
active counterparts, offering the clear benefits of reliability and resistance
to jamming.
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