Determinants of household-, maternal- and child-related factors associated with nutritional status among children under five in Mali: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey, 2018

Objective: The current study aims to determine household-, maternal- and child-related factors influencing nutritional status among children under five in Mali.Design: Quantitative cross-sectional study using secondary data extracted from Mali DHS-VI 2018.Setting: Urban and rural areas of Mali.Participants: A total of 8908 children participated, with 3999 in the younger age group (0-24 months) and 4909 in the older age group (25-59 months).Results: In the younger age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 18 center dot 8 % (95 % CI%: 17 center dot 5, 20 center dot 0), 24 center dot 6 % (95 % CI: 23 center dot 2, 26 center dot 0) and 13 center dot 2 % (95 % CI: 12 center dot 1, 14 center dot 3), respectively, while in the older age group, it was 24 center dot 9 % (95 % CI: 23 center dot 7, 26 center dot 2), 22 center dot 7 % (95 % CI: 21 center dot 5, 24 center dot 0) and 5 center dot 7 % (95 % CI: 5 center dot 0, 6 center dot 5), respectively. Being average or large size at birth, having piped source of water, receiving Zn, deworming, high maternal BMI, receiving Fe during pregnancy, higher maternal education and being rich were associated with lower odds of one or more form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, drank from a bottle, maternal anaemia, current pregnancy of mothers and living in rural areas were associated with higher odds of stunting, wasting or underweight. Interestingly, children who received Fe supplementation had a higher odds of wasting in the younger group but lower odds of all forms of undernutrition in the older group.Conclusions: This study emphasised the potential risk factors associated with undernutrition in children. Children who consume non-potable water, have mothers with lower levels of education and BMI and reside in rural areas are more likely to experience undernutrition.