Sarcopenia and Frailty in Advanced Liver Disease Patients: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review explores the intricate nexus between liver and muscle disorders, with a primary focus on sarcopenia, elucidating their profound impact on clinical outcomes and patient well-being. The paper examines sarcopenia’s clinical implications, diagnostic methods, pathogenesis, and management. Recent research underscores sarcopenia as a robust predictor of adverse outcomes, affecting hospitalization rates, complications, and survival, both pre- and post-liver transplantation. Contributors to sarcopenia, including malnutrition, hyperammonemia, decreased Branched-Chain amino acids, and hormonal imbalances, are highlighted. The review emphasizes the imperative for standardized diagnostic protocols and definitions, considering individual factors like ethnicity, gender, and age, to guide clinical practice. The study emphasizes a multifaceted patient care approach, encompassing lifestyle modifications, nutritional optimization, exercise regimens, and potential pharmacological interventions. The prospects of future research look promising in uncovering novel therapeutic strategies that can ultimately improve the lives of individuals grappling with liver disorders and sarcopenia.