Impulsive Model Predictive Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Applications.

Despite the increasing availability and reliability of artificial pancreas devices, many people with type 1 diabetes mellitus are still on multiple daily injections therapy consisting of a daily basal insulin injection and mealtime boluses. The use of an insulin bolus advisor may improve glycaemic control as well as reduce the burden of the disease on these patients. This paper investigates the application of an impulsive model predictive controller in a bolus advisor system. The bolus calculator is assessed in closed-loop simulations using different basal insulin scenarios. The simulations show that a model predictive controller can achieve good glycaemic control and may be suitable to give bolus recommendations to people with diabetes. Higher basal insulin levels can result in better times in the target range but also carry a higher risk of hypoglycemia.