In pursuit of the Sun, from Jules Janssen to the present day
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The Sun has been observed through a telescope for four centuries. However,
its study made a prodigious leap at the end of the nineteenth century with the
appearance of photography and spectroscopy, then at the beginning of the
following century with the invention of the coronagraph and monochromatic
filters, and finally in the second half of the twentieth century with the
advent of space exploration (satellites, probes). This makes it possible to
observe the radiations hidden by the Earth's atmosphere (Ultra Violet, X-rays,
γ) and to carry out ”in situ” measurements in the solar environment.
This article retraces the major stages of this fantastic epic in which renowned
scientists such as Janssen, Deslandres, d'Azambuja, Lyot and Dollfus entered
the scene, giving the Paris-Meudon Observatory a pioneering role in the history
of solar physics until 1960. After this golden age, space exploration required
large resources shared between nations, which could no longer be implemented
within teams or even individual institutes. The development of numerical
simulation, a new research tool, also required the pooling of supercomputers.
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