Correlations for specific heat and density of Titanium Oxide Nanofluid at low nanoparticle concentrations

Different observations by researchers have sparked an interest in the study of Nanofluids, which are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles. According to research, these Nanofluids have exceptional thermophysical properties compared to their basal fluids. Recent research has focused on fluids containing molten ions in addition to water, oil, and glycol base fluids, which are the most studied based fluids. In this paper, the specific heat of Titanium Oxide Nanofluids is investigated. In addition, these Nanofluids are compared to their respective reference base fluids, Ethylene Glycol (40%)/Water (60%) base fluid, Ethylene Glycol base fluid, and water base fluids. New correlations for calculating the specific heat and density of nanofluids as functions of temperature are introduced. Then, these new correlations are compared to the available theoretical models in the literature. In comparison to the presented theoretical models, the outcomes demonstrate improved specific heat and density results with new correlations.