A two-stage decision framework for GIS-based site selection of wind-photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage project using LSGDM method

To alleviate the instability of renewable energy generation and reduce the cost of energy storage, a wind-photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage project that combines hydrogen storage and electric thermal storage has been developed. Selecting the appropriate location is essential. Therefore, a two-stage decision framework is proposed to select the optimal site. In the first stage, geographic information system is used to assess the suitability of the study area and identify potential locations. In the second stage, the large-scale group decision-making method is employed for further evaluation. Considering the uncertainty of information, the probabilistic linguistic term sets are used to describe evaluation information. Then, experts are clustered via transitive closure algorithm, the weights of the experts and the subgroups are calculated according to the similarity and the importance of experts, and the size of subgroups, respectively. Furthermore, the weight of the criteria is calculated by maximum deviation method. Finally, the improved tomada de decisaointerativa e multicritévio method is used to rank the feasible sites. To verify the practicability of the method, an empirical study is conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Through sensitivity and comparative analyses, site A3 is identified as the optimal location, which facilitates the layout of wind-photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage projects.