Embolic stroke of undetermined source: Focusing on atrial cardiopathy and patent foramen ovale

•The prevalence of AC is inversely related to the prevalence of pathogenic PFO in ESUS patients.•Assessing the prediction value of AC/AC biomarkers for ESUS.•AC and PFO may coexist in the same ESUS patient, and it will be hard to identify the real cause, our results will shed a little light on clinical practice by combining AC biomarker levels and RoPE scores to implement targeted secondary prevention strategies.