Transport and information in open quantum systems
arxiv(2024)
摘要
With the approaching second quantum revolution, the study of quantum
thermodynamics, particularly heat flow, has become even more relevant for two
main reasons. First, understanding heat and other types of noise is essential
for protecting quantum information and preventing decoherence. Second, the
ability to manufacture and control quantum systems developed for the quantum
computer allows for experimental study of quantum thermodynamics in entirely
new settings.
In this thesis, several systems involving quantum systems in contact with
baths are studied theoretically in experimentally available settings. First,
two rectification or diode setups for heat currents are proposed using a
dark-state mechanism. In one system, the dark-state mechanism is imperfect but
very robust. In the other system, the dark-state mechanism relies on quantum
entanglement and is much better but more fragile towards decoherence. Next, a
quantum version of the Wheatstone bridge is built using the same
entanglement-powered dark state mechanism. After having studied several
boundary-driven quantum systems, the lessons learned are generalized into
resonance conditions using a general linear chain of weakly interacting chains
of strongly interacting spins.
The final two chapters focus on the ability to study statistical physics in
realizable quantum systems. First, a Maxwell's demon setup is proposed. A
demon-controlled qutrit is coupled to two non-Markovian baths. The information
back-flow from the non-Markovian baths allows the demon to more effectively
transfer heat from the cold bath to the hot bath. Second, the Mott insulator to
superfluid phase transition in a lattice of transmons is examined. The ground
state has a variable particle number and is prepared using adiabatic state
preparation. This allows for the exploration of the entire phase diagram.
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