Unleashing the power: Superior properties of fluorographene-derived materials for energy storage applications

•Versatile fluorographene chemistry enables scalable synthesis of graphene derivatives for diverse energy storage applications.•Graphene acid, a supercapacitor electrode, exhibits high capacitance, enhanced through covalent modifications.•Graphene acid anode increases the storage capacity of Li-ion batteries.•Nitrogen-doped graphene proves efficient as a supercapacitor electrode, achieving record power and energy densities.•Sulfide chains interlinking graphene sheets enhance cycling stability in Li-sulfur batteries, preventing the shuttling effect.