Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the early detection and targeted treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, and be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising for both diagnostic markers and precise drug delivery to cancer cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of exosomal content and biogenesis offers crucial insights into the molecular profile of lung tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential for the development of targeted therapies and innovative diagnostic strategies for cancer. Despite notable progress in this field, challenges in standardization and cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative to maximize the potential of exosomes and advance the field of precision medicine for the benefit of lung cancer patients.