Probing orbits of stellar mass objects deep in galactic nuclei with quasi-periodic eruptions
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are intense repeating soft X-ray bursts with
recurrence times about a few to ten hours from nearby galactic nuclei. The
origin of QPEs is still unclear. In this work, we investigated the extreme mass
ratio inspiral (EMRI) + accretion disk model, where the disk is formed from a
previous tidal disruption event (TDE). In this EMRI+TDE disk model, the QPEs
are the result of collisions between a TDE disk and a stellar mass object (a
stellar mass black hole or a main sequence star) orbiting around a supermassive
black hole (SMBH) in galactic nuclei. This model is flexible and comprehensive
in recovering different aspects of QPE observations. If this interpretation is
correct, QPEs will be invaluable in probing the orbits of stellar mass objects
in the vicinity of SMBHs, and further inferring the formation of EMRIs which is
one the primary targets of spaceborne gravitational wave missions. Taking GSN
069 as an example, we find the EMRI wherein is of low eccentricity (e<0.1 at
3-σ confidence level) and semi-major axis about O(10^2) gravitational
radii of the central SMBH, which is consistent with the prediction of the wet
EMRI formation channel, while incompatible with alternatives.
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