Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reversed senescent phenotype in human chondrocytes in vitro

Background The senescence of chondrocytes, which is closely linked to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), has been found to be influenced by the inflammatory environment of joint cavity. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the specific mechanisms through which cytokine impacts chondrocytes senescence. Purpose To investigate the effects of MIF on the chondrocytes senescence and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Human cytokine array and ELISA were used for the level of MIF in synovium fluid. CCK-8 was used for chondrocytes viability. IF, WB, SA-β-gal staining and flow cytometry were used for the chondrogenic, apoptotic and senescent phenotype of chondrocytes. Results The level of MIF was significantly increased in OA patients. MIF significantly reversed the senescent phenotype induced by LPS pretreatment in human chondrocytes. MIF significantly enhanced the expression of Col II, SOX9, and ACAN in LPS pre-treated human chondrocytes. Furthermore, MIF significantly inhibited the apoptosis of LPS-induced senescent chondrocytes. Conclusion Increased level of MIF in osteoarthritic joint cavity might effectively suppress the senescent phenotype and simultaneously improve the chondrogenic phenotype in chondrocytes, the underlying mechanism was likely to be independent of apoptosis.