Amplifying performance attributes of biodiesel–diesel blends through hydrogen infusion and graphene oxide nanoparticles in a diesel engine

The effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles (50 ppm) and hydrogen enrichment on the Nerium oleander methyl ester-diesel blend is investigated in the present research study using a compression ignition engine in a dual-fuel mode. Biodiesel is derived from Nerium oleander oil, and 20% (v/v) is blended with 80% of diesel fuel. Following that, Novel carbon-based additives are dispersed in biodiesel–diesel blend and supplied as a piloted fuel. On the other hand, the variable volume flow rates (5 and 10 lpm) of hydrogen gas are supplied via the intake manifold as a secondary fuel. The effects of piloted fuel blends and secondary hydrogen fuel enrichment on overall combustion, performance, and emissions are explored by investigating the cylinder pressure, net and cumulative heat release rate brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide, and smoke emissions. Combustion parameters, including cylinder pressure, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, are improved by 16, 9.02, and 12.84%, respectively, for B20 + GO + 10H 2 blend at maximum engine power when compared to biodiesel–diesel blend. The blend B20 + GO + 10H 2 increases the brake thermal efficiency by 12.35% and decreases brake-specific fuel consumption by 15.15% at a maximum power output when compared to the biodiesel–diesel blend. The synergistic effect of B20 + GO + 10H 2 decreases carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity emissions by 24.51, 27.04, and 7.5%, respectively, at a higher power output when compared to diesel. However, the carbon dioxide and formation of nitrogen oxide increased by 9.57 and 11.98% at a higher power output as compared to diesel. This is owing to the rapid flame speed of hydrogen, as well as the enhanced thermal conductivity and catalytic activity of a biodiesel–diesel blend, including graphene oxide nano-additions. Graphical Abstract