Synthesis and physicochemical properties of graphene incorporated indium tin oxide nanocomposites for optoelectronic device applications

In this work, we synthesized graphene (g) - incorporated Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and investigated its structural, morphological, electrical, optical and magnetic properties. The ITO materials, including the 1 % and 2 % g-ITO variants, have a cubic crystal phase, while graphene possesses a hexagonal lattice structure. The Raman spectra exhibited distinct ITO peaks, along with the presence of active modes such as A1, E1, and Eg associated with the C-C stretching peak. UV-DRS was performed to study the optical absorption properties in the range of 200-900 nm for the as-prepared ITO, ITO-g (1 %), and ITO-g (2 %) composites. The composite exhibited energy absorption at wavelengths of 320, 314, and 312 nm for ITO, ITO-g (1 %), and ITO-g (2 %), respectively. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited a prominent ultraviolet emission peak at a wavelength of 374 nm as well as a blue-green emission peak at 446 nm, which were found in both the pure and doped samples. Finally, electrical and magnetization was conducted on both unadulterated and g-ITO.