Up-regulated mRNA expression of VEGFA receptors ( FLT1 and KDR ) in placentas after assisted reproductive technology fertilization

Placental angiogenesis is a pivotal process for feto-maternal circulation and ensures efficient development of the placenta throughout pregnancy. Many factors during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer procedures may affect placental gene expression and fetus development. The present study aimed to identify differences in angiogenesis-related gene ( VEGFA , FGF2 , FLT1 , and KDR ) expression profiles in placentas after assisted reproductive technology fertilization and natural conception in healthy women. In a case-control study, term placentas were collected from Caucasian women after assisted reproductive technology fertilization ( N = 20) and after natural conception in women with uncomplicated pregnancy ( N = 9). The mRNA expression in placentas was examined for VEGFA , FGF2 , FLT1 , and KDR genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Group stratification was performed for comparison of investigated genes between the type of embryo transferred (fresh/frozen), place of tissue donation (center/margin), and newborns’ gender (male/female). In the ART placentas, significant down-regulation of VEGFA gene ( p = 0.016) and up-regulation of FLT1 ( p = 0.026) and KDR ( p < 0.001) gene receptors were observed. Genes encoding VEGFA receptors were up-regulated in both fresh (ET) and frozen (FET) embryo transfer groups compared to controls. For the FLT1 gene, a statistically significant difference was observed between the frozen embryo transfer group and the controls ( p = 0.032). Relative expression of KDR was significantly higher for both embryo transfer groups compared to controls ( p < 0.001) and between ET and FET ( p = 0.002). No statistically significant differences were observed between placental expression in different places of tissue donation and newborns’ gender. We observed differences in the placental expression of VEGFA and its receptors FLT1 and KDR in pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology compared to naturally conceived pregnancies. More research is needed to clarify these alterations that may affect placental development and fetal health.