Photovoltaic thermal solar system in presence of nanofluid cooling analyzing environmental parameter in existence of TEG module

Current work delves into enhancing the productivity of a photovoltaic (PV) unit by incorporating a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The cooling mechanism employs a triangular-shaped duct with a ferrofluid, and magnetic force is employed to augment the cooling efficiency. Additionally, the model accounts for the impact of dust on the system's productivity. The efficiency components, namely η th (thermal), η TE (thermoelectric), and η PV (electrical PV), have been evaluated across different ranges of ϕ (nanoparticle concentration), Ha (Hartmann number), and V in (inlet velocity). These results have been obtained through rigorous numerical simulations, with a comprehensive validation test to ensure their accuracy and reliability. When accounting for the presence of dust particles, we observe a reduction in η th , η TE , and η PV by approximately 3.98, 6.96, and 9.46%, respectively. Conversely, in the presence of dust, as Ha is increased, we note a notable enhancement in η th , η TE , and η PV , showing an increase of around 6.68, 19.16, and 0.69% respectively. It is worth mentioning that the increase in η PV's enhancement diminishes by about 4.12% under the influence of dust. When V in is set at 0.078, we observe significant enhancements in η th , η TE , and η PV , amounting to approximately 7.29, 20.25, and 0.72%, respectively, as Ha increases. However, it is worth noting that the influence of Ha on both η th and η TE diminishes, showing a decrease of about 8.25 and 4.48%, respectively, when V in is set to 0.17 m/s. On the other hand, an increase in V in leads to an intensified effect on η th , η TE , and η PV , with enhancements of around 10.19, 29.14, and 1%, respectively, under the condition of Ha = 0. Furthermore, with the rise of Ha, the influence of V in on η PV experiences an increment of about 0.5%, while its impact on ηth diminishes by approximately 6%. Introducing nanoparticles can bolster the thermal characteristics of the ferrofluid, leading to significant enhancements in performance, particularly in η TE . However, it is worth noting that the improvements in η th , η TE , and η PV due to the addition of nanoparticles decrease by about 13.37, 9.91, and 4.78%, respectively, with the increase of V in , especially in the absence of Ha. Additionally, the uniformity experiences substantial improvements of approximately 22.54 and 31.25% with the augmentation of Ha, observed at V in values of 0.078 and 0.17, respectively.