Advancements in polymer (Nano)composites for phase change material-based thermal storage: A focus on thermoplastic matrices and ceramic/carbon fillers

This article explores (i) the potential of polymer (nano)composites as alternatives to conventional metals in the manufacture of heat exchangers and (ii) the application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage. Bulk polymers, despite their lower thermal conductivity in comparison with metals, have advantages such as lightweight, corrosion resistance and cost-effectiveness. The paper emphasizes methods of enhancing polymers' thermal conductivity, particularly by incorporating fillers such as ceramics and carbon-based fillers into thermoplastics. Techniques such as twin-screw extrusion and injection molding are examined for producing thermally conductive polymer composites. The study also investigates the utilization of organic PCMs, focusing on their thermal enhancement through the addition of various nanoadditives. These developments collectively pave the way for designing innovative thermoplastic heat exchangers for PCM storage. The review culminates in identifying areas requiring further research, particularly in the reliable manufacture of polycarbonate/graphene nanoplatelet composites and the optimization of the thermal performance of polymer heat exchangers through advanced heat transfer designs and simulations. The findings could lead to the realization of low-cost and efficient polymer-based heat exchangers, contributing to the evolution of thermal energy storage systems and the reduction of global warming.