Current advances of the valorization technologies for heavy metal containing hyperaccumulators

With a large demand for environmental restoration, the investigation and application of hyperaccumulator plants aims to effectively decontaminate polluted soils has become a global hotspot. After harvesting, the abnormally high content of heavy metals (HMs) in the aboveground tissues of the post -harvested hyperaccumulators require proper treatment to enhance the economic potential and avoid secondary pollution. This paper covers the significance of hyperaccumulators research in the remediation of HM -contaminated soil. The technical trends and the major scientific advances for the eco-friendly valorization of HM -enriched hyperaccumulators are comprehensively reviewed. A systematic survey of the thermochemical and biological routes to upcycle the hyperaccumulator biomasses are conducted by emphasizing the potential transformation strategies for green and valuable products, along with the safe recovery of HMs streams. In addition, challenges and perspectives on the valorization of hyperaccumulators in the future are also presented.