Balancing reaction-diffusion network for cell polarization pattern with stability and asymmetry
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Cell polarization is a critical process that separates molecules into two
distinct regions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, guiding biological
processes such as cell division and cell differentiation. Although several
underlying antagonistic reaction-diffusion networks capable of setting up cell
polarization have been identified experimentally and theoretically, our
understanding of how to manipulate pattern stability and asymmetry remains
incomplete, especially when only a subset of network components are known. Here
we present numerical results to show that the polarized pattern of an
antagonistic 2-node network collapses into a homogeneous state when subjected
to single-sided self-regulation, single-sided additional regulation, or unequal
system parameters. However, polarity can be restored through a combination of
two modifications that have opposing effects. Additionally, spatially
inhomogeneous parameters favoring respective domains stabilize their interface
at designated locations. To connect our findings to cell polarity studies of
the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, we reconstituted a 5-node network
where a 4-node circuit with full mutual inhibitions between anterior and
posterior is modified by a mutual activation in the anterior and an additional
mutual inhibition between the anterior and the posterior. Once again, a generic
set of kinetic parameters moves the interface towards either the anterior or
posterior end, yet a polarized pattern can be stabilized through spatial tuning
of one or more parameters coupled to intracellular or extracellular cues. A
user-friendly software, PolarSim, is introduced to facilitate the exploration
of networks with alternative node numbers, parameter values, and regulatory
pathways.
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