From metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Controversy and consensus

The newly released nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the 2023 European Association for the Study of the Liver Congress has raised great clinical concerns. This marks the second instance of significant renaming of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease since the introduction of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. The nomenclature and definitions of MASLD and MAFLD exhibit significant disparities as well as substantial consensus. The disparities regarding the framework of nomenclature, the definitions, the clinical management, and the impact on the clinical outcomes between MASLD and MAFLD were comprehensively compared in this editorial. Additionally, the consensus reached by the MASLD and MAFLD definitions also emphasizes positive diagnosis rather than negative diagnosis within the framework of establishing a diagnostic approach. Furthermore, they acknowledged the pivotal role of metabolic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of MAFLD or MASLD and the positive role of increasing the awareness of the disease in public. Fortunately, the non-invasive tests remains effective in the MASLD and MAFLD era. Elucidating these disparities would contribute to a more comprehensive comprehension of the nature of steatotic liver disease and enhance clinical practice. Thus, more efforts are required to reach more consensus about these important topics.