Effect of Splint Application on the Functional Duration of Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background The application of splints is one of the most used methods to prolong the life span of peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC). Objective To assess the effect of splint application on the functional duration of PIVC in neonates. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis identified, appraised, and synthesized available evidence from randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCT) related to the effects of splint application compared to no splinting on the functional duration of PIVC and its associated complications in term and preterm neonates. Data were pooled using RevMan 5.4. The quality of evidence for predefined outcomes was analyzed by GRADE. Results Available evidence (5 RCTs, 826 neonates) showed a significantly lesser functional duration of PIVC in the splint group compared to no-splint [Mean Difference (MD) 95% Confidence Interval (CI) −3.07 (−5.63, −0.51); Low Certainty of Evidence (CoE)]. On gestation-based subgroup analysis, PIVC duration remained significantly lesser in the splint group in preterm neonates [MD (95% CI), −5.09 (−9.53, −0.65), 2 studies, n = 220; Low CoE], whereas it was comparable in the term neonates [MD (95% CI), 3.92 (−4.27, 12.10), 2 studies, n = 89; Very low CoE]. The overall complications were comparable between the groups [Risk Ratio (95% CI), 1.02 (1.00, 1.05), 5 studies, n = 826; Very low CoE]. Conclusions Based on the very low to low CoE found in this systematic review, it is not possible to recommend or refute splint application in neonates. Further well-designed RCTs are needed.