Unlocking the Potential of Recycled End-of-Life Photovoltaic Modules As an Efficient Solar Absorber and Versatile Energy Conversion System

Photovoltaic modules are widely used as efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy conversion systems worldwide. However, the management of end-of-life (EoL) photovoltaic modules is emerging as a significant challenge for the near future, despite their current use as net-zero emission energy systems. In this study, we present a recycling method for EoL photovoltaic modules that efficiently harness solar energy and convert it into various forms of energy. Our investigation reveals that the recycled photovoltaic modules are capable of absorbing similar to 92% of solar radiation at 600 nm and converting it into thermal energy, resulting in a temperature increase of up to similar to 74 degrees C. Additionally, the recycled EoL photovoltaic modules, with dimensions of 40 mm x 40 mm, were integrated with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to generate electricity. Under 1 sun illumination (AM1.5G), the hybrid devices exhibited a maximum power output of 2.14 mW. Furthermore, the hybrid devices were used as an unassisted water-splitting system to generate eco-friendly hydrogen fuel by integrating them with an alkaline electrolyzer and a voltage converter. The proposed scheme offers a valuable approach for recycling EoL photovoltaic modules and transforming them into versatile renewable energy generation systems.