Photostable Ferulic Acid-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Anti-inflammatory Skin Application

Ferulic acid (FA) is a highly promising phenolic compound known for its pharmacological activities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, limited bioavailability and low solubility hinder their therapeutic application. To overcome these challenges, nanocarriers can be designed by using computer simulation studies to enhance performance and stability. Classical molecular dynamics (CMD), widely employed to study interfaces, especially water-oil interfaces, plays a vital role in predicting molecular interactions and guiding the development of more efficient and effective drug delivery systems. Thus, this study aimed to develop FA nanoemulsions containing hazelnut oil (NE-FA(HO)) or medium-chain triglycerides (NE-FA(MCT)) with a previous study about the components that constitute the nanoemulsion and interfacial tension by CMD simulation. The FA-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method, and four different concentrations were used: 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. The nanoemulsions were characterized by measuring their droplet size, zeta potential, pH, FA content, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology. In addition, the stability and photostability of the FA nanoemulsions were evaluated. Analyzing the concentrations tested, NE-FA(MCT) at 1.5 mg/mL exhibited the best results in terms of characterization and stability, maintaining a content close to 95% for 60 days and providing photoprotection to FA. Furthermore, NE-FA(MCT) presented controlled release and significant antioxidant effect. Considering the significant FA anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, this study may contribute to the future development of topical pharmaceutical formulations aimed at treating skin-related diseases.