Design and Substrate Material-Based Analysis of a Sriyantra/Srichakra-Shaped Fractal Wideband Monopole Antenna for S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band Communication Applications

A sriyantra/srichakra-shaped wideband fractal-based monopole antenna is designed and substrate material analysis is performed to determine its ability to meet the needs of S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band communication applications. The proposed model design is inspired by sriyantra, which is believed to be a source of energy to the universe according to Indian mythology. This work is focused on the integration of fractal geometry with sriyantra/srichakra for providing a linkage between philosophical belief and a modern communication system with experimental validation. The designed antenna performance characteristics are analysed on various substrates of rigid, flexible, and textile materials to identify the suitable model as per the requirements of specified applications. The proposed model provides 17.7 GHz bandwidth, a peak realized gain of 8.66 dB, and peak efficiency of 95% with RT/duroid 5880 substrate material. The design with polyimide for the proposed structure provides bandwidth of 14.8 GHz, peak gain of 6.18 dB, and peak efficiency of 90%. The same design was implemented on the fabric substrate material of bed sheet cotton, achieving bandwidth of 12.5 GHz, peak gain of 6.39 GHz, and peak efficiency of 92%. The proposed srichakra structure of the fractal monopole antenna on three substrate materials provides wide bandwidth with considerable gain and efficiency in S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band communication applications. The experimental validation provides a good correlation with the simulation results obtained from the CST (computer simulation technology) tool for applicability in communication systems.