Controllable Preparation, Working Mechanisms, and Actual Application of Various One-Dimensional Nanomaterials as Catalysts for CO₂RR: A Review

Developing high efficient electrocatalysts is necessary for improving conversion efficiency of CO2RR, which can significantly promote adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules and reduce energy loss. Highly efficient electrocatalysts also can also provide sufficient reaction sites and low activation energy, thereby increasing the opportunity for contact between CO2 and reactants, and promoting good selective production. One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials have gained great interest in CO2RR. Although 1D nanomaterials have been widely employed as catalysts for CO2RR, it is difficult but important to systematically discuss different types of 1D nanomaterials due to the wide range of materials available. But a comprehensive overview of 1D nanostructured materials for CO2RR still is missing. In this review, we first provide an overview of development trends of CO2RR, explain their working mechanisms in improving electrocatalytic performance and their stabilities of CO2RR, and then categorize 1D nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoneedles, nanoribbons, and so forth. We also present preparation methods of 1D nanomaterials and the latest research and advancements using these materials as catalysts in various monometallic, bimetallic, and nonmetallic electrocatalysts for CO2RR. Finally, we also make some recommendations to explore potential novel directions for enhancing CO2RR. All of these will provide some fresh insights for future research in CO2RR.