Phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection faction using electronic health records and echocardiography.

Aims:Patients presenting symptoms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are not a homogenous population. Different phenotypes can differ in prognosis and optimal management strategies. We sought to identify phenotypes of HFpEF by using the medical information database from a large university hospital centre using machine learning. Methods and results:We explored the use of clinical variables from electronic health records in addition to echocardiography to identify different phenotypes of patients with HFpEF. The proposed methodology identifies four phenotypic clusters based on both clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, which have differing prognoses (death and cardiovascular hospitalization). Conclusion:This work demonstrated that artificial intelligence-derived phenotypes could be used as a tool for physicians to assess risk and to target therapies that may improve outcomes.