Pharmacotherapeutics for iron deficiency anemia in adults

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is among the five greatest causes of disability globally. It can have various causes and may develop concurrently with other health issues. Recently, there have been advances in the treatment of IDA associated with various comorbidities.Current Concepts: The causes of IDA include chronic blood loss, inadequate iron absorption, and increased iron demand. Oral iron supplements are primarily recommended for the treatment of IDA. In cases where oral supplements are ineffective or cannot be used, parenteral iron supplements are administered.Discussion and Conclusion: Identifying the underlying reason for IDA is essential for determining the appropriate and effective treatment plan. In adults, it is important to be aware that gastrointestinal malignancies can be detected as a cause of IDA. Ferrous sulfate tablets are primarily recommended as oral supplements for treating IDA. Among the parenteral iron supplements available in South Korea, both iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose can be used relatively safely without significant side effects. Recently, ferric carboxymaltose was reported as being effective for treating iron deficiency associated with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and preoperative IDA.