Progress and preclinical application status of ultrasound microbubbles

The proficient and targeted conveyance of therapeutic agents to specific tissues assumes paramount significance in mitigating systemic toxicity and optimizing treatment outcomes. Among the array of strategies available for targeted systemic drug delivery, ultrasound-controlled targeting has garnered escalating attention. Microbubbles, comprising biocompatible constituents such as FDA-approved Optison (R), SonoVue (R), and Definity (R), can be intravenously administered. Ultrasound waves have the capacity to permeate tissues and disrupt these microbubbles, thereby enabling tissue-specific targeting and augmenting drug efficacy. Consequently, in addition to their conventional role as contrast agents for real-time visualization of target organs, ultrasound microbubbles (USMB) are increasingly recognized as promising carriers for drugs and genes, owing to their non-invasive nature and tissue-selective attributes. This comprehensive review delineates the latest advancements in USMB technology, encompassing key factors influencing USMB-mediated drug/gene delivery, elucidating its mechanism of action, exploring disease treatment strategies (primarily focusing on cancer therapy), and illuminating its future prospects. Notably, the pivotal determinants impacting drug delivery encompass materials employed, preparation methodologies, and ultrasound parameters. Furthermore, this review accentuates the strides made in disease treatment strategies, thereby underscoring the expansive application potential of USMB.