Triphosgene crosslinked lignin-based loose nanofiltration membrane with high dye/salt separation performance, anti-fouling, and bactericidal property

Abstract A high-performance lignin-based loose nanofiltration membrane is fabricated using quaternized lignin as a novel raw material and triphosgene as a crosslinker. It has high pure water permeance (33.8 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), dye rejections, and low salt rejections during the separation of dye/salt mixture. The quaternary ammonium functional groups endow the membrane with excellent antibacterial property. It also has satisfactory dye-fouling resistance and separation-performance stability. Triphosgene plays an important role in optimizing the membrane structure and enhancing permeability.